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<title>Cuttlebone</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuttlebone</span></span>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Top and bottom view of a cuttlebone, the buoyancy organ and internal shell of a cuttlefish.</div></div></div></div>

<p><b>Cuttlebone</b>, also known as <b>cuttlefish bone</b>, is a hard, brittle internal structure (an internal <a href="Mollusc_shell" title="Mollusc shell">shell</a>) found in all members of the <a href="Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="Sepiidae" title="Sepiidae">Sepiidae</a>, commonly known as <a href="Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">cuttlefish</a>, within the <a href="Cephalopod" title="Cephalopod">cephalopods</a>. In other cephalopod families it is called a <a href="Gladius_(cephalopod)" title="Gladius (cephalopod)"><i>gladius</i></a>.

</p><p>Cuttlebone is composed primarily of <a href="Aragonite" title="Aragonite">aragonite</a>. It is a chambered structure that the animal can fill with gas or liquid for <a href="Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">buoyancy</a> control. On the <a href="Ventral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral">ventral</a> (bottom) side of the cuttlebone is the highly modified <a href="Siphuncle" title="Siphuncle">siphuncle</a>; this is the organ with which the cuttlebone is filled with gas or liquid.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The microscopic structure of cuttlebone consists of narrow layers connected by numerous upright pillars.

</p><p>Depending on the species, cuttlebones <a href="Implosion_(mechanical_process)" title="Implosion (mechanical process)">implode</a> at a depth of <span class="nowrap">200 to 600 metres (660 to 1,970 ft)</span>. Because of this limitation, most species of cuttlefish live on the seafloor in shallow water, usually on a <a href="Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>When the cuttlefish dies, only the cuttlebone remains and will often wash up on a beach.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_uses">Human uses</h2></div>

<p>In the past, cuttlebones were ground up to make polishing powder, which was used by <a href="Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">goldsmiths</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The powder was also added to <a href="Toothpaste" title="Toothpaste">toothpaste</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was used as an <a href="Antacid" title="Antacid">antacid</a> for medicinal purposes<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as an <a href="Absorption_(chemistry)" title="Absorption (chemistry)">absorbent</a>. They were also used as an artistic carving medium during the 19th<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 20th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Today, cuttlebones are commonly used as <a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>-rich dietary supplements for caged <a href="Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, <a href="Chinchilla" title="Chinchilla">chinchillas</a>, <a href="Hermit_crab" title="Hermit crab">hermit crabs</a>, <a href="Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>, <a href="Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a>, and <a href="Snail" title="Snail">snails</a>. These are not intended for human consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lime_production">Lime production</h3></div>

<p>As a carbonate-rich biogenic raw material, cuttlebone has potential to be used in the production of calcitic <a href="Lime_(material)" title="Lime (material)">lime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewelry_making">Jewelry making</h3></div>

<p>Because cuttlebone is able to withstand high temperatures and is easily carved, it serves as mold-making material for small metal castings for the creation of jewelry and small sculptural objects.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It can also be used in the process of pewter casting, as a mould.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_structure">Internal structure</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Microstructure" title="Microstructure">microstructure</a> of the cuttlebone consists of two components, horizontal <a href="Septum" title="Septum">septa</a> and vertical pillars. Both components are composed predominantly of <a href="Aragonite" title="Aragonite">aragonite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The horizontal septa divide the cuttlebone into separate chambers. These chambers are supported by the vertical pillars which have a corrugated (or "wavy") structure.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The thickness of these pillars varies from species to species, but are typically a few microns thick.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The horizontal septa are typically thicker than the vertical pillars and consist of a double-layered structure. The upper layer of the septa and walls consist of vertically aligned crystals, whereas the bottom sublayer consists of <a href="Nanorod" title="Nanorod">nanorods</a> rotated with respect to each other to form a "<a href="Plywood" title="Plywood">plywood</a>" structure.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, this chambered microstructure results in the cuttlebone having a <a href="Porosity" title="Porosity">porosity</a> over 90% by volume.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<li class="gallerycaption">3D visualisation of a <i>Sepia</i> cuttlebone by industrial micro-computed tomography</li>

<div class="gallerytext">3D view of part of a cuttlebone at low resolution.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Overview of a part at high resolution, about 5 μm/voxel.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Higher magnification.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Detailed view at very high magnification. Wall thickness of the vertical structures is about 10 μm.</div>

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<li class="gallerycaption">Flight through the corresponding tomographic image stacks</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Flight through the corresponding μCT image stack, section direction about 30°, lateral view.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Flight through the corresponding μCT image stack, section direction about 30°, top view.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Flight through the aligned image stack, lateral view.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Flight through the aligned image stack, top view.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Flight through the aligned image stack, top view, magnified section.</div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanical_properties">Mechanical properties</h2></div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series related to</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#82C3D8; padding:0.2em; font-size:160%; font-weight:bold;"><a href="Biomineralization" title="Biomineralization"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Biomineralization</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">General</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Mineralized_tissues" title="Mineralized tissues">Mineralized tissues</a></li>

<li><a href="Remineralisation" title="Remineralisation">Remineralisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Biocrystallization" title="Biocrystallization">Biocrystallization</a></li>

<li><a href="Biointerface" title="Biointerface">Biointerface</a></li>

<li><a href="Biofilm" title="Biofilm">Biofilm</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">Exoskeletons</a> (shells)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li>Arthropod

<ul><li><a href="Arthropod_exoskeleton" title="Arthropod exoskeleton">exoskeleton</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthropod_cuticle" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropod cuticle">cuticle</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Brachiopod#Shells_and_their_mechanisms" title="Brachiopod">Brachiopod shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Cephalopod#Shell" title="Cephalopod">Cephalopod shell</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cirrate_shell" title="Cirrate shell">cirrate shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Gladius_(cephalopod)" title="Gladius (cephalopod)">gladius</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lorica_(biology)" title="Lorica (biology)">Lorica</a>

<ul><li><a href="Choanoflagellate#Silicon_biomineralization" title="Choanoflagellate">Choanoflagellate lorica</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Protist_shell" title="Protist shell">Protist shell</a>

<ul><li><a href="Coccolithophore#Coccolithophore_shells" title="Coccolithophore">coccosphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Coccolith" title="Coccolith">coccolith</a></li>

<li><a href="Frustule" title="Frustule">diatom frustule</a></li>

<li><a href="Foraminifera_test" title="Foraminifera test">foraminifera test</a></li>

<li><a href="Testate_amoebae" title="Testate amoebae">testate amoebae</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Seashell" title="Seashell">Seashell</a>

<ul><li><a href="Stereom" title="Stereom">echinoderm stereom</a></li>

<li><a href="Mollusc_shell" title="Mollusc shell">mollusc shell</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nacre" title="Nacre">nacre</a></li>

<li><a href="Chiton#Shell" title="Chiton">chiton shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Gastropod_shell" title="Gastropod shell">gastropod shell</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Small_shelly_fauna" title="Small shelly fauna">small shelly fauna</a></li>

<li><a href="Scaly-foot_gastropod#Shell" title="Scaly-foot gastropod">scaly-foot snail shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_growth_in_estuaries" title="Shell growth in estuaries">estuary shells</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sponge_spicule" title="Sponge spicule">Sponge spicule</a></li>

<li><a href="Turtle_shell" title="Turtle shell">Turtle shell</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Endoskeleton" title="Endoskeleton">Endoskeletons</a> (<a href="Bone" title="Bone">bones</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Skeleton#Vertebrates" title="Skeleton">Vertebrate skeleton</a></li>

<li><a href="Bone_mineral" title="Bone mineral">Bone mineral</a></li>

<li><a href="Ossification" title="Ossification">Ossification</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Teeth, scales, tusks etc</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Limpet#Biomineralization" title="Limpet">Limpet teeth</a></li>

<li><a href="Otolith" title="Otolith">Otolith</a>

<ul><li><a href="Otolithic_membrane" title="Otolithic membrane">otolithic membrane</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Scale_microfossils" title="Scale microfossils">Scale microfossils</a></li>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Calcification" title="Calcification">Calcification</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Amorphous_calcium_carbonate" title="Amorphous calcium carbonate">amorphous calcium carbonate</a></li>

<li><a href="Marine_biogenic_calcification" title="Marine biogenic calcification">marine biogenic calcification</a></li>

<li><a href="Calcareous_nannofossils" title="Calcareous nannofossils">calcareous nannofossils</a></li></ul>

</div>

<ul><li><a href="Aragonite" title="Aragonite">Aragonite</a>

<ul><li><a href="Oolitic_aragonite_sand" title="Oolitic aragonite sand">oolitic aragonite sand</a></li>

<li><a href="Aragonite_sea" title="Aragonite sea">aragonite sea</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div>

<ul><li><a href="Calcite" title="Calcite">Calcite</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microbiologically_induced_calcite_precipitation" title="Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation">microbial calcite precipitation</a><br></li>

<li><a href="Calcite_sea" title="Calcite sea">calcite sea</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Calcite_Belt" title="Great Calcite Belt">Great Calcite Belt</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Silicification" title="Silicification">Silicification</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Biogenic_silica" title="Biogenic silica">biogenic silica</a></li>

<li><a href="Siliceous_ooze" title="Siliceous ooze">siliceous ooze</a></li>

<li><a href="Diatomaceous_earth" title="Diatomaceous earth">diatomaceous earth</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Other forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<li><a href="Kerogen" title="Kerogen">Kerogen</a>

<ul><li><a href="Alginite" title="Alginite">alginite</a></li>

<li><a href="Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Phosphate" title="Phosphate">Phosphate</a>

<ul><li><a href="Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">phosphorite</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pyrena" title="Pyrena">Pyrena</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Mineral_evolution" title="Mineral evolution">Mineral evolution</a></li>

<li>In soil

<ul><li><a href="Mineralization_(soil_science)" title="Mineralization (soil science)">mineralization</a></li>

<li><a href="Immobilization_(soil_science)" title="Immobilization (soil science)">immobilization</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ballast_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballast minerals">Ballast minerals</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetofossil" title="Magnetofossil">Magnetofossil</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetosome" title="Magnetosome">Magnetosome</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetotactic_bacteria" title="Magnetotactic bacteria">Magnetotactic bacteria</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetoreception" title="Magnetoreception">Magnetoreception</a></li>

<li><a href="Microfossil" title="Microfossil">Microfossils</a></li>

<li><a href="Engrailed_(gene)" title="Engrailed (gene)"><i>engrailed</i> gene</a></li>

<li><a href="Druse_(botany)" title="Druse (botany)">Druse</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Cupriavidus_metallidurans" title="Cupriavidus metallidurans">Cupriavidus metallidurans</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Biomineralising_polychaete" title="Biomineralising polychaete">Biomineralising polychaetes</a></li>

<li><a href="Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Mineral nutrients</a></li>

<li><a href="Microbial_mat" title="Microbial mat">Microbial mat</a></li>

<li><a href="Fossil#Fossilization_processes" title="Fossil">Fossilization</a>

<ul><li><a href="Permineralization" title="Permineralization">permineralization</a></li>

<li><a href="Petrifaction" title="Petrifaction">petrifaction</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Burgess_Shale-type_preservation#Preservational_regime" title="Burgess Shale-type preservation">Burgess Shale preservation</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

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<p>The cuttlebone has been studied extensively due to its ability to be simultaneously lightweight, <a href="Stiffness" title="Stiffness">stiff</a>, and tolerant to damage. This combination of mechanical properties has led to research into cuttlebone-inspired <a href="Biomimetics" title="Biomimetics">biomimetic</a> <a href="Ceramic_foam" title="Ceramic foam">ceramic foams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, due to its mechanical properties, cuttlebone has been used as scaffolding in <a href="Superconductivity" title="Superconductivity">superconductors</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Tissue_engineering" title="Tissue engineering">tissue engineering</a> applications.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The light weight of the cuttlebone derives from its high <a href="Porosity" title="Porosity">porosity</a> (over 90% by volume).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stiffness of the cuttlebone arises from the chambered structure composition of approximately 95% <a href="Aragonite" title="Aragonite">aragonite</a> (a stiff material) and 5% <a href="Organic_matter" title="Organic matter">organic material</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the stiffness of a <a href="Composite_material" title="Composite material">composite</a> will be dominated by the material with the largest volume fraction, the cuttlebone is also stiff. The <a href="Specific_modulus" title="Specific modulus">specific stiffness</a> of the cuttlebone in one species was measured to be as high as 8.4 [(MN)m/kg].<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most intriguing property of cuttlebone is its ability to tolerate damage given that aragonite is a <a href="Brittleness" title="Brittleness">brittle</a> material. The high tolerance to damage can be linked to the cuttlebone's unique <a href="Microstructure" title="Microstructure">microstructure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deformation_process">Deformation process</h3></div>

<p>Due to the marine lifestyle of the cuttlefish, the cuttlebone must be capable of both withstanding large compressive forces from the water while avoiding sudden <a href="Brittleness" title="Brittleness">brittle</a> <a href="Fracture" title="Fracture">failure</a>. The cuttlebone of some species under compression has demonstrated a <a href="Specific_energy" title="Specific energy">specific energy</a> on par with some advanced <a href="Foam" title="Foam">foams</a> made from more compliant materials such as <a href="Metal" title="Metal">metals</a> and <a href="Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high energy absorption is a result of several factors.

</p><p>The failure of the cuttlebone occurs in three distinct stages: local crack formation, crack expansion, and densification.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crack formation typically occurs in the middle of the vertical walls in the chambered structure of the cuttlebone.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location of crack formation is controlled by the waviness in the corrugated structure of the walls. The waviness of the walls in the cuttlebone provides an optimized balance between stiffness and brittleness of the overall structure.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This wavy structure inhibits crack propagation, increasing the energy input necessary for failure. After sufficient damage has occurred to the walls of the cuttlebone, a process known as densification occurs whereby the walls gradually compact while fracture continues.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant energy is dissipated in the continued cracking of the walls while densification is occurring. It has also been observed that under compressive stresses, the horizontally layered chambers of the cuttlebone will fail sequentially. While one chamber is undergoing fracture and densification, the other chambers will not deform until the <a href="Septum" title="Septum">septum</a> between the chambers has been penetrated.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The septum is significantly stronger than the vertical walls due to its "<a href="Plywood" title="Plywood">plywood</a>" structure further increasing the total energy needed for complete structural failure of the cuttlebone.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Argonaut_(animal)" title="Argonaut (animal)">Argonaut (animal)</a></li>

<li><a href="Belemnoidea" title="Belemnoidea">Belemnoidea</a></li>

<li><a href="Gladius_(cephalopod)" title="Gladius (cephalopod)">Gladius (cephalopod)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mollusc_shell" title="Mollusc shell">Mollusc shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Nautilus" title="Nautilus">Nautilus</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_footnotes">Explanatory footnotes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jewelers prepare cuttlebone for use as a mold by cutting it in half and rubbing the two sides together until they fit flush against one another. Then the casting can be done by carving a design into the cuttlebone, adding the necessary <a href="Sprue_(casting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprue (casting)">sprue</a>, melting the metal in a separate pouring crucible, and pouring the molten metal into the mold through the sprue. Finally, the sprue is sawed off and the finished piece is polished.</span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFFuchsEngeserKeupp2007" class="citation journal cs1">Fuchs, D.; Engeser, T.; Keupp, H. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app52/app52-575.pdf">"Gladius shape variation in coleoid cephalopod <i>Trachyteuthis</i> from the upper Jurassic nusplingen and Solnhofen plattenkalks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</i>. <b>52</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">575–</span>589.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRexfortMutterlose2006" class="citation journal cs1">Rexfort, A.; Mutterlose, J. (2006). "Stable isotope records from <i>Sepia officinalis</i> — a key to understanding the ecology of belemnites?". <i>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</i>. <b>247</b> (<span class="nowrap">3–</span>4): 212. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006E&PSL.247..212R">2006E&PSL.247..212R</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2006.04.025">10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.025</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2000" class="citation book cs1">Norman, M.D. (2000). <i>Cephalopods: A world guide</i>. Conch Books.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4091433/uses_for_cuttlebone_the_time_when_it/">"Uses for cuttlebone. The time when it was used as a medicine (1912)"</a>. <i>Alton Evening Telegraph</i>. 3 October 1912. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article136318704">"Do you know this?"</a>. <i>The World's News</i>. 8 July 1950. p. 26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65428345">"Wesleyan anniversary"</a>. <i>Portland Guardian and Normanby General Advertiser</i>. 17 October 1872. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article199944165">"Carnival at Norwood"</a>. <i>Evening Journal</i>. 24 October 1898. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92381055">"Eleanor Barbour's pages for country women"</a>. <i>Chronicle</i>. 16 July 1942. p. 26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article54240956">"Note book cuttlefish"</a>. <i>The Register News-Pictorial</i>. 17 May 1930. p. 3S<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article206228703">"Models from cuttle-fish"</a>. <i>The Age</i>. Interesting Hobbies. 30 June 1950. p. 5S<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article212976716">"Back to semaphore celebrations"</a>. <i>Port Adelaide News</i>. 13 December 1929. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48912283">"Out among the people"</a>. <i>The Advertiser</i>. 12 May 1943. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNormanReid2000" class="citation book cs1">Norman, M.D.; Reid, A. (2000). <i>A Guide to Squid, Cuttlefish, and Octopuses of Australasia</i>. CSIRO Publishing.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZhuLuoKongWu2019" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu, X. D.; Luo, J. Y.; Kong, D. D.; Wu, J. J.; Sheng, P.; Yang, M. H. (2019). "海螵蛸中砷形态分析及限量标准研究 - 中国知网" [Analysis of arsenic speciation in Endoconcha Sepiae and research on its limit standard]. <i>Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica</i>. <b>44</b> (23): <span class="nowrap">5065–</span>5071. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.19540%2Fj.cnki.cjcmm.20190903.201">10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190903.201</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32237338">32237338</a>. <q>generally contains high concentration of arsenic</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFerrazGamelasCoroadoMonteiro2020" class="citation journal cs1">Ferraz, E.; Gamelas, J.A.F.; Coroado, J.; Monteiro, C.; Rocha, F. (20 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://materconstrucc.revistas.csic.es/index.php/materconstrucc/article/view/2294">"Exploring the potential of cuttlebone waste to produce building lime"</a>. <i>Materiales de Construcción</i>. <b>70</b> (339): 225. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Fmc.2020.15819">10.3989/mc.2020.15819</a></span>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10400.26%2F38428">10400.26/38428</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1988-3226">1988-3226</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChecaCartwrightSánchez-AlmazoAndrade2015" class="citation journal cs1">Checa, Antonio G.; <a href="Julyan_Cartwright" title="Julyan Cartwright">Cartwright, Julyan H. E.</a>; Sánchez-Almazo, Isabel; Andrade, José P.; Ruiz-Raya, Francisco (September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4471886">"The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Sepiidae, Cephalopoda) constructs cuttlebone from a liquid-crystal precursor"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 11513. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.08290">1506.08290</a></span>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatSR...511513C">2015NatSR...511513C</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsrep11513">10.1038/srep11513</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4471886">4471886</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26086668">26086668</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFYangJiaChenDeng2020" class="citation journal cs1">Yang, Ting; Jia, Zian; Chen, Hongshun; Deng, Zhifei; Liu, Wenkun; Chen, Liuni; Li, Ling (22 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7519314">"Mechanical design of the highly porous cuttlebone: A bioceramic hard buoyancy tank for cuttlefish"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>117</b> (38): <span class="nowrap">23450–</span>23459. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PNAS..11723450Y">2020PNAS..11723450Y</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.2009531117">10.1073/pnas.2009531117</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7519314">7519314</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32913055">32913055</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:3-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200911141711.htm">"Cuttlebone's microstructure sits at a 'sweet spot'"</a>. <i>ScienceDaily</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCulverwellWimbushHall2008" class="citation journal cs1">Culverwell, Emily; Wimbush, Stuart C.; Hall, Simon R. (2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=B715368F">"Biotemplated synthesis of an ordered macroporous superconductor with high critical current density using a cuttlebone template"</a></span>. <i>Chem. Commun.</i> (9): <span class="nowrap">1055–</span>1057. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FB715368F">10.1039/B715368F</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1359-7345">1359-7345</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18292888">18292888</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKannanRochaAgathopoulosFerreira2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kannan, S.; Rocha, J.H.G.; Agathopoulos, S.; Ferreira, J.M.F. (March 2007). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1742706106001267">"Fluorine-substituted hydroxyapatite scaffolds hydrothermally grown from aragonitic cuttlefish bones"</a></span>. <i>Acta Biomaterialia</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">243–</span>249. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.actbio.2006.09.006">10.1016/j.actbio.2006.09.006</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17127113">17127113</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFNeige2003" class="citation journal cs1">Neige, P. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pascalneige.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/neige-2003c.pdf">"Combining disparity with diversity to study the biogeographic pattern of Sepiidae"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen</i>. <b>3</b>: <span class="nowrap">189–</span>197.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cuttlebone" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:cuttlebone">cuttlebone</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cuttlefish_bone" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:cuttlefish bone">cuttlefish bone</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuttlebone" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Cuttlebone">Cuttlebone</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cephalopod_anatomy395" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cephalopod_anatomy395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Cephalopod" title="Cephalopod">Cephalopod</a> anatomy</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mollusc_shell#Cephalopods" title="Mollusc shell">Shell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ammonoidea" title="Ammonoidea">Ammonoid shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Argonautidae" title="Argonautidae">Argonautid eggcase</a></li>

<li><a href="Nautiloid" title="Nautiloid">Nautiloid shell</a>

<ul><li><a href="Orthocone" title="Orthocone">Orthocone</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Belemnoidea#Anatomy" title="Belemnoidea">Belemnoid guard</a></li>

<li><a href="Cirrate_shell" title="Cirrate shell">Cirrate shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Gladius_(cephalopod)" title="Gladius (cephalopod)">Gladius (pen)</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirula" title="Spirula">Spirula shell</a></li>

<li>Stylet</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aperture_(mollusc)" title="Aperture (mollusc)">Aperture</a></li>

<li><a href="Callus_(mollusc)" title="Callus (mollusc)">Callus</a></li>

<li><a href="Lira_(mollusc)" title="Lira (mollusc)">Lirae</a></li>

<li><a href="Periostracum" title="Periostracum">Periostracum</a></li>

<li><a href="Sculpture_(mollusc)" title="Sculpture (mollusc)">Sculpture</a></li>

<li><a href="Spire_(mollusc)" title="Spire (mollusc)">Spire</a></li>

<li><a href="Suture_(anatomy)" title="Suture (anatomy)">Sutures</a></li>

<li><a href="Umbilicus_(mollusc)" title="Umbilicus (mollusc)">Umbilicus</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Body_whorl#In_cephalopods" title="Body whorl">Body chamber</a></li>

<li><a href="Camera_(cephalopod)" title="Camera (cephalopod)">Camerae</a></li>

<li><a href="Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li>

<li><a href="Phragmocone" title="Phragmocone">Phragmocone</a></li>

<li><a href="Septum_(cephalopod)" title="Septum (cephalopod)">Septa</a></li>

<li><a href="Siphuncle" title="Siphuncle">Siphuncle</a></li>

<li><a href="Whorl_(mollusc)" title="Whorl (mollusc)">Whorls</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mantle_(mollusc)" title="Mantle (mollusc)">Mantle</a> & <br><a href="Siphon_(mollusc)" title="Siphon (mollusc)">funnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External anatomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cephalopod_dermal_structures" title="Cephalopod dermal structures">Dermal structures</a></li>

<li><a href="Cephalopod_fin" title="Cephalopod fin">Fins (wings)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cephalopod_fin#Tail_and_secondary_fins" title="Cephalopod fin">Flotation devices ("secondary fins")</a></li>

<li><a href="Funnel%E2%80%93mantle_locking_apparatus" title="Funnel–mantle locking apparatus">Funnel–mantle locking apparatus</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal anatomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Branchial_heart" title="Branchial heart">Branchial hearts</a></li>

<li><a href="Ctenidium_(mollusc)" title="Ctenidium (mollusc)">Ctenidia (gills)</a></li>

<li><a href="Hepatopancreas" title="Hepatopancreas">Hepatopancreas (digestive gland)</a></li>

<li><a href="Needham's_sac" title="Needham's sac">Needham's sac</a></li>

<li><a href="Nephridium" title="Nephridium">Nephridia ("kidneys")</a></li>

<li><a href="Nidamental_gland" title="Nidamental gland">Nidamental glands</a></li>

<li><a href="Osphradium" title="Osphradium">Osphradium</a></li>

<li><a href="Pericardial_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pericardial gland">Pericardial glands</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head & <br><a href="Cephalopod_limb" title="Cephalopod limb">limbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brachial crown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hectocotylus" title="Hectocotylus">Hectocotylus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cephalopod_limb" title="Cephalopod limb">Tentacles</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cephalopod_limb" title="Cephalopod limb">Carpus</a></li>

<li><a href="Dactylus" title="Dactylus">Dactylus</a></li>

<li><a href="Manus_(anatomy)" title="Manus (anatomy)">Manus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cephalopod_sucker" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalopod sucker">Suckers and hooks</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buccal region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aptychus" title="Aptychus">Aptychus</a></li>

<li><a href="Odontophore" title="Odontophore">Odontophore</a></li>

<li><a href="Radula" title="Radula">Radula</a></li>

<li><a href="Spadix_(zoology)" title="Spadix (zoology)">Spadix and antispadix</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occipital region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nuchal_crest_(cephalopod)" title="Nuchal crest (cephalopod)">Nuchal crest (occipital crest)</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuchal_crest_(cephalopod)" title="Nuchal crest (cephalopod)">Nuchal folds (occipital folds)</a></li>

<li>Occipital membrane</li>

<li>Olfactory organ</li>

<li><a href="Nuchal_organ" title="Nuchal organ">Nuchal organ</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Statocyst" title="Statocyst">Statocysts</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chromatophore" title="Chromatophore">Chromatophores</a></li>

<li><a href="Photophore" title="Photophore">Photophores</a></li>

<li>Nervous system

<ul><li><a href="Squid_giant_axon" title="Squid giant axon">Squid giant axon</a></li>

<li><a href="Squid_giant_synapse" title="Squid giant synapse">Squid giant synapse</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><u>Developmental stages:</u> <a href="Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">Spawn</a> → <a href="Paralarva" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralarva">Paralarva</a> (<a href="Doratopsis_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Doratopsis stage">Doratopsis stage</a>) → Juvenile → Subadult → Adult • <a href="Cephalopod_egg_fossil" title="Cephalopod egg fossil">Egg fossils</a> • <a href="Protoconch" title="Protoconch">Protoconch (embryonic shell)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-26" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Cuttlebone&oldid=1292354504">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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